BEFORE FOREIGN SPAZA SHOPS TOOK OVER, BLACK SOUTH AFRICANS HAD ALREADY BUILT THIER OWN ECONOMIES
![Two distinct images of Peddie Town in the 1980's, captured wth a 35mm [Image: Supplied to GSMN]](https://gsmn.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2026/06/WhatsApp-Image-2026-06-01-at-19.46.27-1.jpeg)
South Africa’s current debate about immigration, foreign-owned spaza shops, and collapsing township economies suffers from a serious problem: collective amnesia. A growing number of people speak as though black South Africans only entered commerce after democracy — or worse, as though township trade only became organised after foreign shop networks emerged across rural villages and […]
CURRENT POLITICAL BICKERING MISSES STEVE BIKO’S HISTORIC MISSION TO UNITE LIBERATION FORCES

From his arrest at a roadblock with Peter Jones, on August 18, 1977 in Grahamstown, Steve Biko was on a mission he described as forming one liberation movement. That was the last detention that Biko, the founding father of Black Consciousness, would be seen alive. He would only emerge weeks later when his mortal remains […]